Russia is preparing to increase defence spending next year as its war in Ukraine enters another winter, with Moscow planning to commit more than £150 billion to its military effort.

According to The Independent, Russia’s total defence spending is expected to reach £450 billion, equivalent to 50 trillion roubles, over the next three years as President Vladimir Putin continues to sustain the war against Ukraine.

The spending plans come amid renewed concern in Europe over Ukraine’s ability to defend its cities and critical infrastructure against sustained Russian aerial attacks. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz has described air defence as Ukraine’s biggest current vulnerability and said he was in talks with international partners over additional supplies ahead of winter.

Merz also warned that the consequences of Ukraine being defeated would extend beyond the country, saying European peace and freedom would face a broader threat. He said Germany was working with allies on measures aimed at helping Kyiv withstand what he expects to be a difficult winter.

The concerns were underscored by fresh Russian strikes on Kyiv and the surrounding region on Wednesday. Ukrainian officials said three people, including a child, were killed while seven others were injured. The attacks also damaged homes and other civilian infrastructure.

Poland also temporarily suspended operations at airports in Rzeszow and Lublin amid military aviation activity linked to the Russian strikes on Ukraine, highlighting the wider security implications of Moscow’s continued aerial campaign.